What is the difference between the characteristics of TV lighting and stage lighting (2)

1.color requirements

The performance of lighting art can also be combined through the color changer of conventional lights or the color wheel of computer lights, so as to use the changes of lighting colors to describe nature and render emotions, or to be bright red and green, gorgeous and extravagant, or light red and light. Green, warm and elegant.

For stage lighting, the use of color can be free, bold and uninhibited. As long as it meets the needs of the plot, as long as the technical conditions can be achieved, and as long as the audience's eyes can accept it, any color can be used. For TV lighting, the color used should be light and not strong. Different colors will deepen when displayed on the TV through the camera. Therefore, the color used for TV lighting should be based on the color effect displayed on the monitor after recording. to adjust. If the color of TV lighting is configured according to the experience of stage lighting, many deep colors will be "blurred" after being shot by the camera, which cannot reflect the details of the scene. Especially cool colors such as blue and purple series, people's visual perception is obviously light blue, but the TV picture after being shot by the camera is dark blue. If you use dark blue in the TV lighting according to the experience of stage lighting, the picture presented on the TV must be a mess of blue. Therefore, for TV lighting, when using color, not only must take into account the eyes of the audience, but also closely cooperate with the camera to grasp the degree of color, so that the color presented to the TV screen is comfortable and transparent.

2.Color temperature requirements

Color temperature actually belongs to the category of lighting color. This article lists it separately because "color temperature" is indeed a very important concept in TV lighting. Color temperature is a measure of the light color of a light source, measured in K (Kelvin). The color temperature is defined according to the absolute black body. When the color of the light source is the same as the color emitted by the black body at a certain temperature, the absolute temperature of the black body at this time is called the color temperature of the light source. With the increase of color temperature, the color transition from black body to "red-orange-red-yellow-blue" gradually. The same object will appear different colors under the illumination of different color temperature light sources. For example, a piece of white paper, under the illumination of a 3000K incandescent lamp and a 6000K fluorescent lamp, logically presents different colors. The former is warm yellow and the latter is slightly blue. But in fact, the human eye is not sensitive to this difference. People without color knowledge tend to think that they are all white. This is the phenomenon of "conservation of color vision" of the human eye. This adaptability of the human eye allows people to observe the color of the scene normally, but cannot accurately perceive the characteristics of the color.

It is precisely because of the inertia of the human eye that the concept of "color temperature" is involved in stage lighting, and it is not emphasized too much. The color of the light is mainly based on the vision of the human eye. But in TV lighting, color temperature is a very important concept, mainly because the camera is very sensitive and "objective" to changes in the color of the external environment. Once the white balance of the camera is determined, the slight color temperature change of the light will be reflected on the TV screen. The skin color of the face in the bad TV screen is not restored well, sometimes it is yellow or sometimes blue, it is often the color temperature change of the TV light and the camera. White balance is not well coordinated for a reason. There is a fixed workflow for the coordination of TV lights and cameras prior to shooting. First of all, the lighting worker turns on a basic lighting source (referred to as the basic light source, which is the main light source of stage lighting, generally refers to the face light, slap, backlight, etc. in the performance). This basic light source requires the same color temperature, which is commonly used in performances. The light source is the same, and the stray light of different color temperatures that will not be used in other performances is turned off. Then, all cameras in different positions are uniformly "whitened" according to this basic light. "Whitening" is a common saying often used by TV workers. The so-called "whitening" actually refers to an abbreviation for adjusting white balance, that is, all cameras first define a white color according to this basic light source, so that, All cameras have a common "white" standard. Light of different color temperature or colored light will present different visual hues based on this "white".

There is a typical example in TV broadcasts. When purchasing a follow spot light, you must consider the issue of matching the color temperature of the basic light source or main light source of the studio. If the basic light source of the TV studio is a low color temperature of 3 200 K, the follow spot light is a high color temperature of 6 000 K, and the camera adjusts the white balance based on the basic light source of 3 200 K, then the follow spot light is projected at this time. On a human face, the color displayed on the TV screen will be noticeably cooler blue. Conversely, the basic light source with high color temperature must be equipped with a follow spot light with high color temperature. If the color temperature of the basic light source in the studio is 6 000 K, and the follow spot light is equipped with a light source of 3 200 K, after the camera is whitened with the basic light source of 6 000 K, the follow spot light is projected onto the face, the camera After shooting, it is displayed as warm yellow, and the color cast of the TV screen must be very obvious and inconsistent.

Therefore, when buying a follow spot light, a TV station should first consider the color temperature of the basic light source of its studio, so that the color temperature of the follow spot light and the basic light of the studio is the same, so as to better restore the skin color. Of course, now the follow spot light can be equipped with color temperature paper and color temperature reduction paper, but after all, there may still be inaccuracy and color cast. Wouldn't it be better if it could be done in one step?

The staff who transform from theatrical stage lighting design to TV lighting design often do not have a professional-level understanding of the principle of the camera and some specific parameters, so many design procedures are still perceptual and lack rational judgment. As a TV lighting designer, it is very necessary to learn the knowledge of the camera, which is also lacking in the stage lighting course of the drama school.

Contact VanGaa for more consultation.