The difference between the characteristics of TV lighting and stage lighting

Stage lighting is mainly reflected in people's eyes directly; TV lighting is more importantly reflected through the TV screen. For TV lighting, the camera is an important device. The theatrical stage uses the human eye as the frame, while the TV video uses the camera as the frame, which is a difference of perspective. The stage performance is the human eye feeling the stage, and the individual's perspective is unique; while the TV program is recorded, the camera is observing the stage, and the camera has multiple positions and multiple perspectives. The TV picture is shot by the camera, where the camera and the cameraman reflect the lights, and then the director selects and edits the pictures from multiple perspectives, and presents it to the audience through the transmission of the TV signal. This is a big difference between a stage performance and a TV picture.

1.Illumination requirements

     The visual range of the human eye is relatively large, that is, the range of brightness that can be perceived is relatively large. Whether the sun is bright or the moonlight is dim, the human eye can see objects and distinguish details through the free adjustment of the pupil. For the stage lighting viewed by the human eye, the brightness of the stage and the scene is as long as the audience's vision is comfortable.

     The camera adapts to changes in light and shade by adjusting the lens aperture and the sensitivity of the internal CCD sensor. When the studio illumination is low, the camera can open a large aperture, and when the illumination is high, it can open a small aperture. But the size of the aperture will affect the effect and quality of the image, such as the virtual and real effect of the depth of field, the clarity of the image and so on. When the aperture of the camera is opened to the maximum, the halo will be more obvious; if the aperture of the camera is opened too small, the clarity of the image will be reduced due to the phenomenon of diffraction. Therefore, as a TV lighting designer, it is necessary to maintain a relatively appropriate illumination on the scene of the program recording, so that the camera can determine a suitable aperture opening to ensure the quality of the shooting picture. Neither the illumination is too small, forcing the camera to open to the maximum aperture; nor the illumination is too large, forcing the camera to open to the minimum aperture, which will affect the effect of the TV screen. At the same time, it should be noted that different cameras have different sensitivities and different requirements for contrast.

     Studio lighting is to ensure that the camera can be adjusted to the appropriate aperture to obtain a clear picture.

2. Light ratio requirements

     Light ratio refers to the ratio of brightness values between light and dark formed by light projected on the scene. Using different light ratio shapes to the scene can present different artistic effects. The light ratio is large, the contrast is strong, and the visual impact is large; the light ratio Small, with soft contrast, it can feel a kind of soothing.

     The use of stage lighting to light ratio is rich and arbitrary, as long as it meets the audience's vision, the degree of freedom is very large. Many strong dramatic effects are achieved by the large contrast between light and dark (Figure 1). This is not the case with TV lighting, where the maximum contrast allowed by the camera is limited. In TV lighting, the illuminance can be compensated by adjusting the aperture of the camera within a certain range, but the light ratio of the illuminated object cannot be adjusted by the camera. It should be said that the light ratio is relatively objective. The method is to adjust the light ratio of the illuminated object from 2:1 to 3:1. If the light ratio of the illuminated object is too large and exceeds the allowable range of the camera, at this time, if the camera adjusts the aperture based on the bright part of the illuminated object, so that the details of the bright part are reflected, the dark part may become a mess; If the camera adjusts the aperture with the dark part as the standard, the dark part can reflect the gradation, but the bright part may be exposed as a piece of white. These are all unsatisfactory picture effects, which cannot be adopted by the director.

     When the designer lays out the light for the scene, he often uses different lamp positions such as surface light, slap light, side light, backlight, and background light. According to different effect requirements, the illumination size configuration and light ratio requirements of different lamp positions are also It is different, but in general, the light ratio of TV lighting should not be too large. If the light ratio is too large, the picture reflected by the camera will either be exposed on the bright side, or the dark side will become black paste. If the lighting designer finds such a situation in the TV screen during the stage of rehearsal and rehearsal, he should adjust the light ratio of the object to be illuminated in a timely manner.

     The task of TV lighting is to control the illumination and light ratio of the scene, so that the scene can obtain a good visual effect of the TV screen through the camera.

     If you have any questions about film and television stage lighting, you can contact VanGaa Lighting.